Towards Strengthening Exclusion of Precedent From Sharia: An Analysis on the Extent of Judicial Precedent in Sharia Courts in Nigeria and Malaysia
The doctrine of judicial precedent which states that the court must stand by what has been
decided in a case when deciding a new case by a judge in court, is commonly known and used
among the countries that practice common law system. However, it is presently observed that
the doctrine of judicial precedent which is not to be practiced in Shariah Court is known to be
extending its influence to Sharia Court. This paper makes a comparative study of the extent of
influence of judicial precedent in Shariah courts in Nigeria and Malaysia, with a view to
ensuring total exclusion of the practice of precedent from sharia courts and ensuring
independence of Sharia courts. Based on doctrinal research approach, this paper examines the
concept of judicial precedent and operation of doctrine of judicial precedent among different
categories of Sharia courts in Nigeria and Malaysia. It is generally observed that the practice
of judicial precedent is not applicable to all Shariah Courts in Nigeria and Malaysia. It is
however observed that despite exclusion of judicial precedent from shariah courts in the two
countries, there are few instances where the practice of judicial precedent is gaining some
influence on the jurisdiction of Shariah courts particularly in Nigeria. This gives the impression
that the Shar’iah courts are placed under the power of common law courts. It is further observed
that this position constitutes a problem to independence of Shariah Courts and therefore
conclude that the practice of judicial precedent should totally be excluded from Shariah Courts
in order to ensure thatmore independence is granted to Shariah Courts. This study provides an
opportunity to compare note on the administration of judicial precedent in the Shariah courts
in Nigeria and Malaysia.
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